What is Phylloxera?
A root-eating pest that devastated European vineyards in the 19th century.
Understanding Phylloxera
Phylloxera is a tiny aphid-like insect that feeds on grapevine roots, eventually killing the vine. Native to North America (where native vines are resistant), it was accidentally introduced to Europe around 1860, devastating nearly all European vineyards. The solution was grafting European grape varieties onto resistant American rootstocks—a practice that continues today. Some isolated regions (Chile, parts of Australia) remain phylloxera-free.
Why It Matters
Phylloxera changed viticulture forever. Pre-phylloxera vines are extremely rare and valuable. Understanding this history explains why most vines are grafted.
Examples
- 1Nearly all European vines are grafted onto American rootstock
- 2Chile has ungrafted vines due to natural barriers
- 3Pre-phylloxera vines in Barossa Valley are treasured
Related Wine Terms
Quick Definition
"A root-eating pest that devastated European vineyards in the 19th century."
Explore More Wine Terms
Terroir
The complete natural environment in which a wine is produced, including soil, climate, and topography.
ViticultureOld Vines
Grapevines of significant age (typically 35-50+ years) that produce concentrated, complex wines.
ViticultureYield
The amount of grapes or wine produced per vineyard area, affecting concentration and quality.
ViticultureCanopy Management
Techniques for managing vine leaves and shoots to optimize grape ripening.
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