What is Varietal?
A wine labeled by grape variety rather than by region or brand name.
Understanding Varietal
"Varietal" refers to a wine named after its primary grape variety (Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, etc.) rather than by region (Burgundy, Bordeaux). The term also describes the grape variety itself. New World wines (US, Australia, Chile) typically use varietal labeling, while Old World wines (France, Italy) traditionally use regional names. Most countries require a minimum percentage (typically 75-85%) of the named grape for varietal labeling.
Why It Matters
Understanding varietal labeling helps navigate wine labels. A "Merlot" from anywhere tells you the grape; "Saint-Émilion" tells you the region (but you need to know it's mostly Merlot).
Examples
- 1California Cabernet is a varietal; Bordeaux is regional labeling
- 2Oregon requires 90% of named grape for varietal labeling
- 3Most French wines traditionally use place names instead of varietal names
Related Wine Terms
Quick Definition
"A wine labeled by grape variety rather than by region or brand name."
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